Asian Journal of Research in Nursing and Health

Case Reporting Appraisal of Notifiable Infectious Disease: A Systematic Review

Ma. Theresa Salinda *

Far Eastern University, Manila, Philippines.

Perla O. Lachica

Far Eastern University, Manila, Philippines.

Reynalyn M.Bataan

Emilio Aguinaldo College, Manila, Philippines.

Jovan V. Naela

Jacksonville University, Florida, USA.

Cliff Richard T. Mabasa

National University, Manila, Philippines.

Aldrin N. San Juan

Emilio Aguinaldo College, Manila, Philippines.

Jocelyn B. Hipona

Saint Paul University, Tuguegarao, Philippines.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

---

Abstract

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) considers as public health crisis that should be of concern on a worldwide scale. Public health officials are required to be reported by medical professionals, laboratories, or other institutions. There is a wide range of variation in the proportion of notifiable respiratory disorders that are reported between regions, countries, and diseases.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to discover notifiable infectious diseases in Asia and other low-income countries from 2019 to the present, utilizing an adult population. The objectives of this study are therefore to summarize scientific evidence and provide recommendations on the completeness of notifiable infectious diseases, particularly COVID-19.

Methods: The study followed the process of Whittemore and Knafl [1] that include the following criteria; defining the issue, developing the research question, carrying out a focused literature search, and employing mixed-methods or qualitative data processing methods to reduce the possibility of bias and error.

Results:  From the twenty (20) studies included in this review, there were a total of 10941 samples, 36 cities included, 26 data points, 9 databases, 5 municipalities, and thousands of cases, with 941 discussing leptospirosis diseases, 60 documents discussing COVID, 10,000 samples discussing rabies, and 1906 samples for dengue infection

Conclusion: A review that was both systematic and integrative offered information on risk factors and discussed the comprehensiveness of reportable infectious diseases. Age, race, ethnicity, language, income, and living conditions are risk factors that further increase the likelihood of these notifiable infectious diseases occurring.

Keywords: Air pollution, infectious disease, notifiable infectious

---

---

---

References

Whittemore R, Knafl K. The integrative review: Updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2005;52(5):546-553.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.

Guan WJ, Zheng XY, Chung KF, Zhong NS. Impact of air pollution on the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in China: time for urgent action. The Lancet. 2016;388(10054):1939–1951. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31597-5

Meilang Q, et al. Clinical and etiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia at high altitudes in Tibet, China.Chin Med J. 2021;134(6). DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001166

Buden K, et al. Functional effects of the microbiota in chronic respiratory disease.

Lancet Respir Med. 2021;(10):907-920. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30510-1

Nakao M, Ishihara Y, Kim CH, Hyun IG. The impact of air pollution, including asian sand dust, on respiratory symptoms and health-related quality of life in outpatients with chronic respiratory disease in Korea: A panel study. PubMed Central (PMC); 2019. Available:https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.021

Liu F, Jiang Y, Xu G, Ding Z. Effectiveness of Telemedicine Intervention for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Telemedicine and E-Health, 2020;26(9):1075–1092.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2019.0215

Agarwal D, et al. Predictors for detecting chronic respiratory diseases in population surveys: A pilot study for RESPIRE 4CCORD study. Epidemiology; 2021. Available:https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa1733

Yang T, et al. Severity distribution and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: baseline results of an observational study - Respiratory Research. BioMed Central; 2022. Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-022-02021-w

Razzaq A. et al. Asymmetric link between environmental pollution and COVID-19 in the top ten affected states of US: A novel estimations from quantile-on-quantile approach; 2021

Baterna, Digman, Fugaban, Mondoy, Capeding. Combination of mat and PCR for the early diagnosis of human leptospirosis in the Philippines. Department of Health; 2022.

Available:https://www.medlabasia.com/content/dam/Informa/MedlabAsia/2019/english/ima ges/downloads/Rubelia%20Baterna.pdf

Access on May 8, 2023

Yap So, Danguilan RA, Chua RA, Arakama E, Ginete-Garcia BJK, Chavez JR. A Scoring Tool to Predict Pulmonary Complications in Severe Leptospirosis with Kidney Failure. MDPI; 2022. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7010007

Tabo Villanueva, Gloriani. molecular detection of leptospira from environmental samples around abattoirs of Cavite province, Philippines. University of the Philippines-Manila, 2019;50(2). Available:https://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2019-50-2/11-7496-21- 290.pdf

Mendoza MV, Rivera WL. Identification ofLeptospiraspp. from environmental sources in areas with high human leptospirosis incidence in the Philippines. Pathogens and Global Health. 2019; 113(3):109–116. Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2019.1607460

Alcaria. Forecasting leptospirosis incidence in the Philippines using the Box– Jenkins method. University of Mindanao; 2020. Available:http://journal.umindanao.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020_5-03.pdf

Edrada EM, Lopez EB, Villarama JB, Salva Villarama EP, Dagoc BF, Smith C, Sayo AR, et al. First COVID- 19 infections in the Philippines: a case report - Tropical Medicine and Health. SpringerLink; 2020. Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-020-00203-0

Cuaton G. A topic modeling analysis on the early phase of COVID-19 response in the Philippines. International Journal of Risk Reduction; 2021.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102367

Cadwel J. Understanding COVID-19 dynamics and the effects of interventions in the Philippines: A mathematical modelling study. Lancet Reg West Pac; 2021.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.lanwpc.2021.100211

Hughes A, Ragonnet R, Jayasundara P, Ngo HA, et al. COVID-19 collaborative modelling for policy response in the Philippines, Malaysia and Vietnam. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific. 2022;29:100563. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100563

Sharon F, et al. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in Covid-19: The first autopsy series from New Orleans. The Lancet Repiratory Medicine; 2020. Available:https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30243-5

Quiambao L, et al. Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans; 2020. DOI: 10.1126/science.abd3871

Epub 2020

Dargantes, Goutard, Dargantes, Escarlos, Thongyuan. Evaluation of Integration of Rabies Management Information System (RabMIS) through One Health Approach into the Rabies Prevention and Control Program in the Province of Agusan del Norte, Philippines. Journal of Kasetsart Veterinarians; 2021.

Available:http://jkv.vet.ku.ac.th/new/images/journal/31-1/04%2051-70.pdf

Access on May 8, 2023

Gongal G, Sampath G, Kishore J, Bastola A, Punrin S, Gunesekera A. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rabies post-exposure prophylaxis services in Asia. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2022;18(5).

Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2022.2064174

Rosero, El Veena Grace, Lachica Zython Paul, Mat, May Anne, Diamante Eliezer, Satur Dejell. Understanding rabies transmission dynamics and control in the three administrative districts of Davao city using a modified SEIV model. Philippine Journal of Science. 2022;151:1829-1844.

Dayrit MM, Mendoza RU, Valenzuela SA. The importance of effective risk communication and transparency: lessons from the dengue vaccine controversy in the Philippines - Journal of Public Health Policy. SpringerLink; 2020.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-020-00232-3

Biggs JR, et al. Estimating the annual dengue force of infection from the age of reporting primary infections across urban centres in endemic countries - BMC Medicine. SpringerLink; 2021.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02101-6

Yalde M. Challenges in prevaccination screening for previous dengue infection; 2021.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30506-4

Edillo F, et al. Temperature, season, and latitude influence development-related phenotypes of Philippine Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus): Implications for dengue control amidst global warming - Parasites & Vectors. BioMed Central; 2022.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05186-x

Biggs JR, et al. A serological framework to investigate acute primary and post-primary dengue cases reporting across the Philippines - BMC Medicine. BioMed Central; 2020.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916- 020-01833-1

Agarwal D, et al. Estimating Chronic Respiratory Disease (Asthma and COPD) burden in adults in Asian LMICs: a pilot study for 4CCORD [4 Country ChrOnic Respiratory Disease study]. Monitoring Airway Disease; 2020.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2179

Agarwal D, Pinnock H, Smith P, Juvekar S. Perceptions and practices of primary care physicians in rural India for diagnosis and management of asthma and COPD: A questionnaire survey. General Practice and Primary Care; 2021.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa3635

Hytowitz AN. Review of using the Dyop optotype for acuity and refractions per the article: 6. Journal of Optometry; 2023. Available:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S188842962200065

Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2022.12.002

Johnson R, Brown M. Title of Article 2. Journal of Epidemiology; 2021.

Lee S, Martinez J. Title of Article 4. Journal of Public Health; 2022.

Manalo D, et al. Rapid in-country sequencing of whole virus genomes to inform rabies elimination programmes. Wellcomeopen Research; 2020.

Available:https://doi.org/10.12688%2Fwellcomeopenres.15518.2

Smith A, Johnson B, Brown C. Title of Article 1. Journal of Infectious Diseases; 2020.

A preliminary evaluation of a locally produced biotinylated polyclonal anti-rabies antibody for direct rapid immunohistochemical test (DRIT) in the Philippines. (2020, June 28). A Preliminary Evaluation of a Locally Produced Biotinylated Polyclonal Anti- rabies Antibody for Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test (DRIT) in the Philippines - ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105610

A topic modeling analysis on the early phase of COVID-19 response in the Philippines. (2021, June 6). A Topic Modeling Analysis on the Early Phase of COVID-19 Response in the Philippines - ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102367

Anderson, A., Smith, A., Johnson, B. (2022). Title of Article 7. Journal of Public Health Policy, Volume(X), Issue(X), Page Numbers.

Brown C, Johnson R, Martinez P. Title of Article 5. Emerging Infectious Disease; 2020.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Leptospirosis; 2021.

Available:https://www.cdc.gov/leptospirosis/index.html

Clark L, Anderson A, Williams D. Title of Article 6. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease; 2023.

Effectiveness of a single-dose mass dengue vaccination in Cebu, Philippines: A case-control study. Effectiveness of a Single-dose Mass Dengue Vaccination in Cebu, Philippines: A Case-control Study – ScienceDirect; 2021.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.042

Health economic assessment of a rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis program compared with post- exposure prophylaxis alone in high-risk age groups in the Philippines. Health Economic Assessment of a Rabies Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Program Compared With Post-exposure Prophylaxis Alone in High-risk Age Groups in the Philippines – ScienceDirect; 2020.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.062

Understanding COVID-19 dynamics and the effects of interventions in the Philippines: A mathematical modelling study. Understanding COVID-19 Dynamics and the Effects of Interventions in the Philippines: A Mathematical Modelling Study – ScienceDirect; 2021.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100211

Williams D, Lee K, Martinez P. Title of Article 3. Vaccine; 2019.

World Health Organization (WHO). Dengue and Severe Dengue; 2021. Available:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue

World Health Organization (WHO). Rabies; 2021.

Available:https://www.who.int/news- room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies

Cheong KH, Ngiam NJ, Morgan GG, et al. Acute Health Impacts of the Southeast Asian Transboundary Haze Problem—A Review. MDPI; 2019. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183286

Paul J. Scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR-4-SLR).International Journal of consumer study; 2021.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12695

Wong S, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on loneliness, mental health, and health serviceutilisation: A prospective cohort study of older adults with multimorbidity in primary care; 2020.