Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy in an In vitro Model of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Juliana R. P. de B. Hironaka
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Kelly Gomes Santana *
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Keilla Santos Soares Barros
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cíntia Estefano Alves
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Tawany Gonçalves Santos
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sergio Kamei
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cinthya Cosme Gutierrez Duran
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Stella Regina Zamuner
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rodrigo Labat Marcos
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Jose Antonio Silva Junior
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maria Cristina Chavantes
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
Flavio Aimbire
Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
Renata Kelly da Palma
Faculty of Health Sciences at Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain and University Center of Anápolis, Anápolis, Brazil.
Ana Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira
Post Graduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the dosimetric parameters and biological effects of photobiomodulation in an in vitro model of urethane-induced lung adenocarcinoma. Specifically, to quantify inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) and assess the functional activity of BEAS-2B cells incubated with urethane and irradiated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) at two energy densities (3 J and 7.5 J).
Study Design: An experimental in vitro study using BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells exposed to urethane and treated with LLLT at 660 nm.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine – Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho, Campus Vergueiro, São Paulo, Brazil, between March 2020 and December 2022.
Methodology: BEAS-2B cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% glutamine, and 100 U/mL gentamicin. After 24 hours, the cells were incubated with urethane (375 μg/mL) for 1 hour and then irradiated with LLLT (3 J or 7.5 J, 660 nm). Supernatants were collected after 24 hours for cytokine quantification. Four experimental groups were established: (1) Control (untreated cells), (2) LLLT (cells irradiated without urethane exposure), (3) Urethane (cells treated with urethane only), and (4) Urethane+LLLT (urethane-treated cells irradiated with LLLT).
Results: The Urethane group showed a significant increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels and a decrease in IL-10 compared to the Control group. Conversely, the Urethane+LLLT group exhibited a reduction in IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels, as well as an increase in IL-10 and IFN-γ, compared to the Urethane group.
Conclusion: Photobiomodulation demonstrated beneficial effects at both 3 J and 7.5 J, though the 3 J energy density provided the most pronounced anti-inflammatory response in urethane-exposed BEAS-2B cells. Further in vivo studies are required to validate these findings and explore the therapeutic potential of LLLT in lung cancer models.
Keywords: Lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, cytokines, chemokines, photobiomodulation